Assessing mercury contamiantion in the Amazon


3. References

Akagi H, Malm O, Kinjo Y, Harada M, Branches F, Pfeiffer W, Kato H. (1993). Proceedings of the Itern Symp on "Assessment of environ pollution and health effects from methylmercury". Nat Inst for Minimata Disease, Kumamoto, 41-48.

Akagi H, Kinjo Y, Branches F, Malm O, Harada M, Pfeiffer W, Kato H. (1994). Methylmercury pollution in the Tapajos river basin, Amazon. Environ Sci. 3, 25-32.

Akagi H, Malm O, Kinjo Y, Harada M, Branches F, Pfeiffer W, Kato H. (1995). Methylmercury pollution in the Amazon, Brazil. Sci Total Envron. 175, 85-95.

Amorim MI, Mergler D, Bahia MO, Dubeau H, Miranda D, Lebel J, Burbano RR, Lucotte M. (2000). Cytogenetic damage related to low levels of methyl mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon. An Acad Bras Cienc. 72 (4), 497-507.

Artaxo P, Calixto de Campos R, Fernandes E, Martins J, Xiao Z, Lindquist O, Fernandez-Jimenez M, Maenhaut W. (2000). Large scale mercury and trace element measurements in the Amazon basin. Atmospheric Environment. 34, 4085-4096.

Boischio A, Henshel D, Barbosa A. (1995). Mercury exposure through fish consumption by the upper Madeira River population, Brazil -1991. Ecosystem Health.1, 177-192.

Boischio AA, Henshel DS. (1996). Risk assessment of mercury exposure through fish consumption by the riverside people in the Madeira Basin, Amazon, 1996. Neurotoxicology.17 (1): 169-75.

Boischio AA, Henshel D. (2000). Fish consumption, fish lore, and mercury pollutionrisk communication for the Madeira River people. Environ Res. 84 (2), 108-26.

Bravard S, Righi D. (1989). Geochemical differences in an oxisol-spodosol Toposequence of Ama-zonia, Brazil. Geoderma. 44, 29-42.

Castilhos Z, Bidone E, Lacerda L. (1998). Increase of the background human exposure to mercury through fish consumption, due to gold mining at the Tapajos River region, Para State, Brazil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 61, 202-209.

Cernichiari E, Brewer R, Myers G, Marsh D, Lapham L, Cox C, Shamlaye C, Berlin M, Davidson P, Clarkson T. (1995). Monitoring methylmercury during pregnancy: maternal hair predicts fetal brain exposure. Neurotoxicology. 16, 705-710.

de Souza Lima AP, Sarkis Muller RC, de Souza Sarkis JE, Nahum Alves C, da Silva Bentes MH, Brabo E, de Oliveira Santos E. (2000). Mercury contamination in fish from Santarem, Para, Brazil. Environ Res. 83 (2), 117-22.

Dolbec J, Mergler D, Sousa Passos CJ, Sousa de Morais S, Lebel J. (2000). Methylmercury exposure affects motor performance of a riverine population of the Tapajos River, Brazilian Amazon. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 73 (3), 195-203.

Fearnside P. (1991). Global biomass burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and, Biospheric implications. J.S. Levine (ed.), MIT press. 92-105.

Forsberg B, Forsberg M, Padovani C, Sargetini E, Malm O. (1994). High levels of mercury in fish and human hair from the Rio Negro Basin (Brazilian Amazon): natural background or anthropogenic contamination. International Workshop on Environmental Mercury Pollution and its Health Effects in Amazon River Basin, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). 2, 33-40.

Forsberg M, Forsberg B, Zeidermann V. (1999). Mercury contamination in humans linked to river chemistry in the Amazon Basin. Ambio. 28, 519-521.

Grandjean P, Weihe P. (1993). Neurobehavioral effects of intrauterine mercury exposure: potential sources of bias. Environ Res. 61, 176-83.

Grandjean P, Weihe P, Nielsen JB. (1994). Methylmercury: significance of intrauterine and postnatal exposures. Clin Chem. 40, 1395-1400.

Grandjean P, Weihe P, White R, Debes F, Araki S, Yokoyama K, Murata K, Sorensen N, Dahl R, Jorgensen P. (1997). Cognitive deficit in 7-year-old children with prenatal exposure to methylmercury. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 19, 417-28.

Guimaraes J, Malm O, Pfeiffer WC. (1995). A simplified radiochemical technique for measurements of net mercury rates in aquatic systems near gold mining areas, Amazon, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 175, 151-162.

Guimaraes JR, Meili M, Hylander LD, de Castro e Silva E, Roulet M, Mauro JB, de Lemos R. (2000). Mercury net methylation in five tropical flood plain regions of Brazil: high in the root zone of floating macrophyte mats but low in surface sediments and flooded soils. Sci Total Environ. 261 (1-3), 99-107.

Kehrig H, Malm O, Akagi H. (1997). Methylmercury in hair samples from different riverine groups, Amazon, Brazil. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 97, 17-29.

Kjellstrom T, Kennedy P. Wallis S, Mantell C. (1986). Physical and mental development of children with prenatal exposure to mercury from fish. National Swedish Environmental Board Report. 3642.

Lacerda L. (1995). Nature. 374, 20.

Lebel J, Mergler D, Lucotte M, Amorim M, Dolbec J, Miranda D, Arantes G, Rheault I, Pichet P. (1996). Evidence of early nervous system dysfunction in Amazonian populations exposed to low levels of methylmercury.Neurotoxicology.17, (1), 157-67.

Lebel J, Roulet M, Mergler D, Lucotte M, Larribe F. (1997). Fish diet and mercury exposure in a riparian Amazonian population. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 97, 31-44.

Lebel J, Mergler D, Branches F, Lucotte M, Amorim M, Larribe F, Dolbec J. (1998). Neurotoxic effects of low-level methylmercury contamination in the Amazonian Basin. Environ Res. 79 (1), 20-32.

Lechler PJ, Miller JR, Lacerda LD, Vinson D, Bonzongo JC, Lyons WB, Warwick JJ. (2000). Elevated mercury concentrations in soils, sediments, water, and fish of the Madeira River basin, Brazilian Amazon: a function of natural enrichments? Sci Total Environ. 260, 87-96.

Lemos R, Guimaraes J, Bianchini I. (1999). Mercury methylation in Eichhorina azurea roots and sediments during a seasonal cycle in a Brazilian lake. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Hg as a Global Pollutant, Rio de Janeiro. 462.

Lipfert F. (1997). Estimating exposure to methylmercury: Effects of uncertainties. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 97, 119-145.

Lucas Y, Cornu S, Eyrolle F. (1996). C.R. Academ. Sci. Paris, 322, 1-16.

Malm O, Pfeiffer W, Souza C, Reuther R. (1990). Mercury pollution due to gold mining in the Madeira River Basin, Brazil. Ambio. 19, 11-15.

Malm O, Castro M, Batos W, Branches F, Guimaraes J, Zuffo C, Pfeiffer W. (1995a). An assessment of Hg pollution in different gold mining areas, Amazon Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 175, 127-140.

Malm O, Branches FJ, Akagi H, Castro MB, Pfeiffer WC, Harada M, Bastos WR, Kato H. (1995b). Mercury and methylmercury in fish and human hair from the Tapajos river basin, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 175, 141-50.

Malm O, Guimaraes J, Castro M, Bastos W, Viana J, Branches F, Silveira E, Pfeiffer W. (1997). Follow up of mercury levels in fish, human hair and urine in the Madeira and Tapajos basins, Ama-zon, Brazil. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 97, 45-51.

Marsh D. (1994). Organic mercury: clinical and neuro-toxicological aspects. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Interactions of the Nervous System. 20, 413-429.

Mauro J. (1999). Mercury methylation in a tropical macrophyte: influence of abiotic parameters. Appl Organomet Chem. 13, 1-6.

Myers N. (1991). Clim Change. 19, 3.

Myers GJ, Davidson PW, Shamlaye CF. (1998). A review of methylmercury and child development. Neurotoxicology. 19 (2), 313-28.

Myers GJ, Davidson PW, Cox C, Shamlaye C, Cernichiari E, Clarkson TW. (2000). Twenty-seven years studying the human neurotoxicity of methylmercury exposure. Environ Res. 83 (3), 275-85.

Nielsen JB, Andersen O. (1991). Methyl mercuric chloride toxicokinetics in mice: Effects of strain, sex, route of administration and dose. Pharmacol Toxicol. 68, 201-7.

Nriagu O. (1993). Nature. 36, 589.

Pfeiffer W, Drude de Lacerda. (1988). Mercury inputs into the Amazon Region, Brazil. Environmental Technology Letters. 9, 325-330.

Porcella D, Ramel C, Jernelov A. (1995). Global mercury pollution and the role of gold mining: An overview. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 97, 205-207.

Porvari P. (1995). Mercury levels of fish in Tucurui hydroelectric reservoir and in river Moju in Amazonia, in the state of Para, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 175 (2), 109-117.

Roulet M, Lucotte M, Seique G, Coelho H, Passos S, Jesus Da Silva E, Andrade P, Mergler D, Guimaraes J, Amorim M. (1998a). Effects of recent human colonization on the presence of mercury in Amazonian ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 112, 297-313.

Roulet M, Lucotte M, Canuel R, Rheault T, De Freitos Gog Y, Farella N, Souza do Vale R, Sousa Passos C, Jesus da Silva E, Mergler, Amorim M. (1998b). Distribution and partition of total mercury in waters of the Tapajos River Basin, Brazilian Amazon. Sci Total Environ. 213, 203-211.

Roulet M, Lucotte M, Canuel R, Farella N, Courcelles M, Guimaraes J, Mergler D, Amorim M. (2000). Increase in mercury contamination recorded in lacustrine sediments following deforestation in central Amazon. Chemical Geology. 165, 243-266.

Shenker BJ, Guo TL, Shapiro IM. (1998). Low-level methylmercury exposure causes human T-cells to undergo apoptosis: evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Environ Res. 77 (2), 149-59.

Shenker BJ, Guo TL, O I, Shapiro IM. (1999). Induction of apoptosis in human T-cells by methyl mercury: temporal relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of reductive reserve. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 157 (1), 23-35.

USDHH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Toxicological profile for mercury.

Viega M, Meech J, Onate N. (1994). Nature. 368, 816.

Weber J. (1993). Review of possible paths for abiotic methylation of mercury in the aquatic environment. Chemosphere. 26, 2063-2077.

World Health Organization. (1990). Methylmercury. Environmental Health Criteria 101 Boischio AA, Henshel DS. (1996). Risk assessment of mercury exposure through fish consumption by the riverside people in the Madeira Basin, Amazon, 1996. Neurotoxicology.17 (1): 169-75.


back     table of contents     next